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The mainland of the North American continent was first
sighted by the Spanish explorer and treasure hunter Don Juan Ponce de Leon
on Easter, March 27, 1513. He claimed the land for Spain and named it
La Florida, meaning "Land of Flowers". Between 1513 and 1563 the
government of Spain launched six expeditions to settle Florida, but all
failed. the French succeeded in establishing a fort and colony on the St.
Johns River in 1564 and, in doing so, threatened Spain's treasure fleets
which sailed along Florida's shoreline returning to Spain. As a result of
this incursion into Florida, King Phillip II named Don Pedro Menendez de
Aviles, Spain's most experienced admiral, as governor of Florida,
instructing him to explore and to colonize the territory. Menendez was
also instructed to drive out any pirates or settlers from other nations,
should they be found there.
When Menendez
arrived off the coast of Florida, it was August 28, 1565, the Feast Day of
St. Augustine. Eleven days later, he and his 600 soldiers and settlers
came ashore at the site of the Timucuan Indian village of Seloy with
banners flying and trumpets sounding. He hastily fortified the fledgling
village and named it St. Augustine.
 Utilizing brilliant
military maneuvers, Menendez destroyed the French garrison on the St.
Johns River and, with the help of a hurricane, also defeated the French
fleet. With the coast of Florida firmly in Spanish hands, he then set to
work building the town, establishing missions to the Indians for the
Church, and exploring the land.
Thus, St.
Augustine was founded forty-two years before the English colony at
Jamestown, Virginia, and fifty-five years before the Pilgrims landed on
Plymouth Rock in Massachusetts - making it the oldest permanent European
settlement on the North American continent. |
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